THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINIANA 


C378 

UK3 
1886H 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00039136470 


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http://www.archive.org/details/calltoworkbaccalOOhall 


THE  CALL  TO  WOEIv. 


A  BACCALAUREATE  SERMON 

s 

TO  THE    SEJSTIOK  CLASS 

OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA, 

BY   THE 

REV.  CHARLES  H.  HALL,  D.  D., 

RECTOR  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  THE  HOLY  TRINITY,   BROOKLYN,   N.   Y. 


DELIVERED  IN  THE  MEMORIAL  HALL,  AT  CHAPEL  HILL,  N.  C, 
JUNE    2,    1886. 


Published  by  Order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


RALEIGH  : 

EDWARDS,    BROUGHTOX    &    CO.,    PO\VER    PRINTERS    AND  BINDERS. 
1886. 


THE  CALL  TO  WORK. 


"  Why  stand  ye  here  all  the  day  idle  ?" — St.  Matthew,  xx:  6. 

The  men  to  whom  this  question  was  put  had  a  good  ex- 
cuse to  offer  ;  for  no  man  had  employed  them.  This  also 
explains  the  righteous  judgment  of  the  man  that  was  a 
householder,  in  giving  them  a  full  day's  wages.  He  plainly 
was  not  encouraging  pauperism  or  fostering  the  luxury  of 
idleness.  Free  to  do  what  he  would  with  his  own,  but  not 
free,  as  alas  the  rich  men  of  our  age  often  think  themselves 
to  be,  to  forget  the  claims  of  the  bread-winners  to  a  fair  ex- 
pectation of  each  day's  living,  as  founded  in  the  sense  of 
universal  justice,  he  atoned  for  their  want  of  opportunity, 
and  sent  them  home  at  evening  satisfied,  and  with  a  higher 
conception  of  the  mutual  duties  of  the  brotherhood  of  man. 
It  was  not  the  necessary  inference  from  the  parable  of  Christ 
that  he  was  settling  the  rules  that  should  prevail  betweeni 
capital  and  labor,  when  as  an  incident  of  the  story  He  in- 
troduced this  item  of  it.  It  is  characteristic  of  His  teach- 
ing that  even  in  these  little  and  accidental  side-issues  of  His 
discourses  we  can  trace  that  profound  connection  of  the 
universal  justice  tempered  by  mercy  that  abounds  in  His 
Gospel,  and  gives  to  each  age  sufficient  indications  of  His 
divine  wisdom. 

It  is  thus  that  God  always  deals  with  us  all,  if  we  are  only 
wise  enough  to  see  it.  Probably  in  the  last  survey  and 
universal  judgment  men  will  learn  that  the  Judge  of  all  the 
earth  has  always  done  right;  that  the  man  who  has  borne 
the  burden  and  heat  of  the  day,  as  the  one  who  came  in  at 
the  third  and  sixth  and  ninth  hours,  did  good  work  equally 
with  those  who  were  standing  unemployed  without  fault  of 
their  own  at  the  eleventh  hour,  have  each  and  all,  by  the 
common  wants  and  griefs  and  toils  of  life,  the  various  com- 


4  THE   CALL    TO    WORK. 

pensations  of  multiform  environment,  earned  this  penny  a 
day,  and  received  from  the  result  of  this  strange  life  of  ours 
the  just  recompense  of  reward  for  all  his  deeds.  If  they 
who  wait  in  the  porches  of  the  great  temple  of  God  serve 
equally — provided  that  waiting  be  their  appointed  lot — with 
those  who  toil,  then  the  final  balance,  when  the  evening 
comes,  and  the  steward  calls  the  tally,  is  found  to  be  one 
and  the  same  effect — a  day's  bread  for  a  day's  labor.  I 
say  that  the  real  point  of  the  parable  was  not  this,  but  a 
different  one,  namely:  that  subtle  teaching  which  con- 
founded the  haughty  Pharisees,  that  God  is  no  respecter  of 
persons,  but  would  yet  call  in  the  Gentiles  to  His  Kingdom 
of  Grace,  though  as  it  seemed  to  them  at  the  eleventh  hour. 
They  had  been  left  strangers  to  the  special  Covenant  of 
Israel,  which  the  Prophet  Isaiah  had,  you  remember,  likened 
to  "  a  vineyard."  God  had  not  elected  them  to  the  prom- 
ises or  the  duties  of  the  Mosaic  law,  which  was  necessarily 
exclusive  of  all  save  the  seed  of  Abraham.  The  Pharisees 
had  unconsciously  formed  in  their  minds  the  prejudices  of  a 
labor  union,  and  had  settled  it,  that  God  was  at  the  head  of 
it,  and  would  not  tolerate  any  but  skilled  labor,  or  what  they 
called  skilled  labor.  Hence  the  bitter  truth  to  them  was, 
that  these  unemployed  Gentiles,  standing  in  the  market- 
place all  the  day  idle  as  to  the  rites  and  ordinances  of  the 
Mosaic  law,  who  had  not  been  tithing  mint,  anise  and  cum- 
min, nor  making  long  prayers  in  order  to  soften  their  throats 
to  swallow  widows'  houses;  who  had  not  become  learned  in 
the  art  of  religion,  whereby  an  acute  teacher  can  soothe  his 
•conscience  with  such  words  as  "  corban  "  and  leave  father 
and  mother  to  starve — yea,  that  the  dogs  of  the  Gentiles 
should  yet  be  called  in  at  the  eleventh  hour,  and  when  the 
evening  reckoning  should  come  would  receive  this  penny  a 
day,  a  living  from  God,  a  just  recompense,  as  grace  gradu- 
ates justice,  for  doing  what  they  could.  There  are  two 
parts  in  all  life — one's  self  and  his  environment.  He  makes 
life  at  last  the  resultant  of  the  two  forces.     Probably  all  of 


A    BACCALAUREATE    SERMON.  5 

US  will  find  that  Jesus  was  uttering  for  the  first  time  a  truth 
of  God's  dealing  with  us,  to  which  conscience,  reason  and 
our  affections  alike  respond.  No  man  will  suffer  in  the  final 
arbitration  for  what  he  had  not  ;  for  neglecting  work  that 
he  could  not  do  ;  for  not  rising  to  sublimities  that  he  was 
shut  away  from  by  lack  of  faculty  or  opportunity.  On  the 
other  hand,  his  results  will  be  potent  for  good  to  him  only 
as  he  did  what  he  could.  Standing  idle  in  the  market-place 
when  no  man  would  employ  them,  was  no  prejudice  in  the 
sight  of  this  man  who  was  an  householder.  A  penny,  or  a 
denarius,  a  day,  in  value  about  fifteen  cents,  as  things  were 
then  in  the  East,  was  the  equivalent  for  a  day's  living  of  a 
laborer,  for  himself  and  family.  It  is  only  a  genre  picture 
of  life  as  it  was  known  to  the  hearers  of  this  parable.  They 
could,  and  doubtless  did,  see  that  the  picture  of  this  prophet 
of  Galilee  had  in  it  a  special  and  national  meaning. 

But  here  let  me  confess,  before  I  go  farther,  that  my 
attention  was  called  to  this  text  by  an  incident  which  is 
recorded  in  the  body  of  the  remarks  made  last  year  by  a 
speaker  at  the  inaugural  proceedings  of  this  Memorial  Hall. 
Speaking  of  one  who  has  merited  well  of  your  State  and 
University,  he  says  that  "there  was  a  tradition  in  College 
of  a  green,  awkward  mountain  boy,  early  selected  as  a  fit 
subject  for  the  sport  and  ridicule  of  his  associates."  I 
happen  to  remember  just  such  an  apparition  in  my  college 
life.  We  freshmen  had  been  together  about  a  week  or  so, 
and  had  begun  to  feel  the  influence  of  clique-ness,  when  in 
the  midst  of  a  recitation  the  door  opened,  and  a  black-eyed 
youth  appeared.  He  was  dressed  in  a  scotch-plaid  cloak 
that  had  perhaps  come  to  him  from  his  grandfather,  with 
huge  brass  fixtures  holding  it  together  ;  and  his  whole  ap- 
pearance grotesque  to  the  last  degree,  and  his  manner  a 
singular  compound  of  verdant  shyness  and  self-assertion. 
To  his  question,  given  in  unmistaken  tones  of  a  country- 
bred  boy,  "  Is  this  the  Freshman  class?"  the  response  was 
a  shout  of  laughter,  in   which  even  the  grave  tutor  joined. 


6  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

Dropping  his  cloak  to  the  ground,  the  Kentucky  youth, 
with  the  spirit  of  Andrew  Jackson,  purposed  a  fight  then 
and  there  with  tutor  and  section,  if  that  seemed  desirable. 
He  was  soothed,  and  an  apology  was  made  to  his  wounded 
self- respect.  We  soon  found  that  he  was  not  at  all  the  sort 
of  man  that  one  cares  to  trifle  with,  and  he  became  a  leader 
of  others  in  not  merely  manliness,  but  also  in  elegance  and 
refinement.  His  figure  came  back  to  me  as  I  read  these 
words  from  the  speech  of  the  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.* 

,  Certain  idle  and  mischievous  classmates  prevailed  on  the 
^'awkward  mountain-boy"  to  give  them  a  Sermon.  My 
recollection  of  sermons  does  not  suggest  any  special /zui  to 
be  gotten  out  of  them  ;  but  perhaps  things  are  different  in 
this  neighborhood.  "  He  asked  their  serious  consideration 
of  the  text  to  be  found  in  St.  Matthew  xx :  6  verse^"  why 
stand  ye  here  all  the  day  idle?"  and  as  he  reasoned  with 
them,  in  all  the  earnestness  of  his  soul  of  duty  neglected, 
opportunities  wasted,  of  temptations  that  lie  in  wait  for  the 
idle,  of  hopes  disappointed  and  parental  hearts  crushed,  one 
by  one  they  stole  away  until  the  young  preacher  discovered 
that  he  was  left  alone;  and  then  raising  his  voice,  and  point 
ing  his  finger  in  the  direction  of  his  retreating  audience,  he 
shouted,  "  Go  !  go  !  in  the  name  of  our  common  Creator,  I 
bid  you  go  to  work  in  His  vineyard.  He  promises  a  penny 
a  day  each  ;  and  to  my  certain  knowledge  not  one  of  you  is 
worth  half  the  money." 

Allowing  something  for  the  softened  lights  of  tradition  in 
such  cases,  it  certainly  spoke  well  for  the  preaching  which 
your  green  and  awkward  mountain-boys  had  been  listening 
to,  and  trained  to  recognize  as  the  eternal  truth  of  God, 
that  he  could  on  the  spur  of  the  moment  have  given  such 
an  utterance,  and  turned  a  farce  into  a  sermon. 

It  is  not  disrespect  that  I  suggest  another  scene  of  Sacred 
Writ.     It  was  rather  a  tragedy  than  a  farce,  when  the  sanc- 

*Governor  Scales. 


A   BACCALAUREATE   SERMON.  / 

timonious  crowd  brought  to  the  Son  of  Man,  for  his  judg- 
ment, the  "woman  taken  in  adultery,"  and  offered  to  tempt 
him  to  a  decision  that  might  be  turned  to  his  ruin.  So  He 
stooped  and  wrote  on  the  ground  with  His  finger;  and 
though  it  is  not  recorded  what  he  wrote,  I  doubt  not  that 
the  word  written  there  was  idolatry — the  spiritual  adultery 
of  the  whole  nation  which,  by  the  laws  of  Moses,  had  sep- 
arated them  all  from  the  mercy  and  love  of  the  God  of 
Abraham.  Then  they,  too,  went  out  one  by  one,  and  Jesus 
forgave  the  sinner,  if  she  had  grace  to  "  go  and  sin  no  more." 

But,  returning  to  the  boy's  text,  my  feeling  has  been — 
and  I  trust  that  I  may  carry  you  with  me — that  I  could  do 
no  better  than  follow  his  lead ;  and,  coming  here  a  stranger 
among  you,  should  try  and  re-echo  in  my  way  his  weighty 
words,  "  duty  neglected,  opportunities  wasted,  of  tempta- 
tions that  lay  in  wait  for  the  idle,  of  hopes  disappointed, 
and  parental  hearts  crushed" — themes,  each  of  them,  that 
have  a  rare  tragic  significance  as  one  thinks  of  college  life. 
North  or  South. 

My  first  suggestion,  then,  is,  that  the  age  in  which  you 
collegians  are  to  live  and  work,  is  singularly  wanting  in  the 
sense  of  personal  responsibility.  Your  temptations  to  efflo- 
resce in  outside  things,  to  lean  on  something  else  than  your 
own  personal  and  persistent  effort,  to  evaporate  the  energy 
of  work  in  things  exterior  to  the  one  steady,  efificient  and 
persistent  sense  of  labor — the  acceptance  intelligently  of 
your  environments,  whatever  they  are,  and  inside  of  them 
working  with  your  might  what  is  given  you  to  do — this 
whole  inclination  is  against  you,  and  is  your  temptation  to 
stand  idle.  There  is  a  laborious  idleness,  as  well  as  a  common 
sloth.  There  is  possible  a  perverted  atonement,  a  base  in- 
troversion of  duty,  wherein  one  works  at  something  that  is 
not  his  set  task,  and  that  he  has  no  call  to  do.  It  is  a 
wretched  subterfuge  of  the  hardest  sort  of  sinfulness  when 
one  is  most  busily  and  uselessly  idle.  No  child  is  busier  in 
extemporized  devices  than  the  one  who  seeks  thereby  to 


8  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

call  the  mother's  or  teacher's  attention  from  his  previous 
dereliction.  Perhaps  some  of  you  can  recall  hours  of  despe- 
rate energy  when  you  have  tried  to  cram  for  an  examina- 
tion, that  you  hope  to  scrape  through,  and  to  hide  your 
carelessness  and  negligence.  It  has  been  always  the  beset- 
ting sin  of  genius.  It  is,  in  my  jugment,  the  besetting  co- 
ordinate of  the  drinking  habits  of  our  people.  Let  me  dwell 
on  this  awhile. 

Education  is  not  in  the  head,  the  brain,  the  memory  or 
the  tongue  alone.  A  man  may  be  a  storehouse  of  knowl- 
edge, may  be  a  cyclopsedia  of  facts,  a  lexicon  of  language, 
he  may  have  all  the  arts  and  sciences  in  mind,  and  with  it 
all  be  as  useless,  as  absurd  and  stupid  for  real  life  as  the 
merest  hind  who  follows  the  plough.  Mere  erudition  is 
jiot  of  itself  education.  The  world  has  for  three  or  four 
centuries  been  ready  to  rush  to  any  plain,  like  that  of  Dura, 
when  the  Nebuchadnezzar  of  the  time  has  set  up  a  golden 
image,  and  summoned  all  men  with  music  of  sackbut,  harp 
and  dulcimer,  to  worship.  But  that  time  is  passing — cer- 
tainly for  a  season.  The  true  education  is  bringing  all  that 
is  in  a  man  up  to  the  surface,  where  he  meets  his  environ- 
ments, and  acts  upon  them  wisely,  timely  and   effectually. 

Take,  for  illustration,  one  popular  fallacy.  Men  blindly 
adore  eloquence.  Demosthenes  and  Cicero — why  should 
not  the  collegian  set  them  before  him,  and  become  the 
mighty  third  of  a  matchless  trio?  He  sets  to  work  with 
this  dream,  much  as  you  see  an  untrained  grey-hound  run 
with  painful  speed  to  catch  the  eagle  which  is  soaring  un- 
conscious in  the  blue  sky  above  him.  I  am  not  overvaluing 
either  of  those  men  of  old,  nor  undervaluing  any  right  effort 
after  effective  speech  now  ;  but  in  each  case  the  ambitious 
youth  fails  to  take  in  the  environments,  the  needs,  the  perils^ 
of  the  orator.  Demosthenes  had  a  country  in  the  pangs  of 
dissolution  as  his  mighty  impulse.  He  did  not  set  before 
his  mind  in  boyhood,  "  Given  a  country  about  to  fall,  and 
I  will  flash  an  eternal  eloquence  over  the  future  of  mankind." 


A    BACCALAUREATE    SERMON.  9 

He  prepared  himself  to  do  what  work  was  set  before  him, 
and  in  his  age  to  defend  the  causes  that  came  to  him.  He 
grew  by  hard,  concentrated  labor.  He  stored  his  mind  and 
trained  his  tongue  to  plead  at  the  bar  of  the  demos  or  the 
Areopagus  such  causes  as  came  to  him  ;  and  when  the  wiles 
and  the  gold  of  Philip  of  Macedon  was  bringing  ruin  upon 
his  country,  he  rose  by  the  gift  of  genius,  but  no  less  by  the 
gift  of  work  zvell  done  before,  to  the  power  to  speak  death- 
less words.  Imagine  him  living  in  any  other  age,  either 
before,  when  Athens  was  safe,  or  afterwards  when  she  had 
become  enslaved,  and  the  story  had  been  different. 

Do  you  ask  me,  is  eloquence  a  lost  art  ?  I  answer,  by 
no  means  ;  but  the  man  now  who  would  aim  to  reproduce 
orations  of  that  sort  would  certainly  have  the  opportunity 
to  point  his  finger  at  his  retreating  audience,  or  to  resort  to 
shouting  to  wake  up  those  who  remained  about  him.  The 
greatest  bores  and  nuisances  in  churches,  court-rooms  or 
senate-houses  to-day,  are  men  who  labor  under  this  illusion 
— that  eloquence  is  something  that  can  be  made  to  order. 
I  will  not  attempt  to  determine  the  proportion  of  individual 
power  in  the  man,  and  the  element  of  opportunity  that  lies 
in  the  need  of  the  hour,  but  I  remind  you  how  often  in 
school  and  academy  you  have  listened  to  the  words  of  Pat- 
rick Henry  on  the  Stamp-Act  resolutions  and  never  been 
thrilled  or  stunned  by  them,  as  were  the  men  who  saw  in 
them  the  flash  of  lightning  that  revealed  the  yawning  chasm 
of  the  Revolution.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  in  advanced 
life  Henry  wrote  on  the  back  of  the  Mss.  that  contained 
these  resolutions  these  words:  "Righteousness  alone  can 
exalt  them  as  a  nation.  Reader!  whoever  thou  art,  remem- 
ber this:  and  in  thy  sphere,  practice  virtue  thyself,  and  en- 
courage it  in  others." 

It  would  be  a  long  and  wearisome  catalogue  that  would 
contain  the  victims  and  the  sufferings  of  this  illusion,  that 
men  of  education  and  eloquence  are  very  efficient  or  useful 
per  se.  Experience  dispels  the  illusion,  and  the  disappointed. 


•lO  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

individual  whose  training  has  been  partial  and  unhealthy 
easily  falls  before  any  temptation  that  gives  him  another 
excitement.  There  are  vast  numbers  of  men  in  this  coun- 
try in  all  the  professions  who  are  unduly  disappointed  as  to 
the  great  objects  of  life.  Many  of  them  were  unwise  or 
unworthy;  but  I  speak  mostly  of  those  who  have  been 
beguiled  into  false  estimates  of  the  circumstances  of  their 
future  work.  They  began  with  dreams  of  a  world  which 
has  not  been  and  which  is  not.  More  perhaps  than  ever  is 
it  important  to  work  out  the  problem  of  personal  education 
for  one's  self.  The  colleges  themselves  bear  witness  of  the 
unsteadiness  of  the  past  foundations. 

I  do  not  say  that  the  times  are  out  of  joint,  but  say, 
rather,  that  he  is  wise  who  comprehends  the  value  of  the 
fact  that  with  every  advantage  a  man  may  have  he  must  at 
least  educate  himself.  Given  the  best  surroundings,  the  most 
skillful  teachers,  the  most  comfortable  class-room  and  stim- 
ulating companions,  the  abundant  library  and  lecture  halls, 
the  most  studious  neophyte  may  be  laboriously  idle,  and 
may  become  the  victim  of  trifles.  It  is  with  man  partly  as 
with  the  fig  tree,  which  was  full  of  leaves,  and  had  every- 
thing except  fruit. 

I  am  not  holding  up  the  low  mechanical  theory,  that  an 
instant  advantage  is  a  thing  to  be  sought.  A  generation  of 
civil  and  mining  engineers,  of  chemists  ready  to  transmute 
all  things  to  commercial  purposes,  or  a  horde  of  business 
collegians  would  not  meet  the  case.  It  is  just  here  the  de- 
lusion rises  that  misleads  the  coming  generation.  "  Man 
does  not  live  by  bread  alone."  No  education  is  sufficient 
that  does  not  reach  man  at  all  points,  and  give  him  the  food 
that  is  more  to  him  than  the  bread  which  perishes.  I  con- 
fine it  to  individuals,  and  leave  the  world-wide  issues  alone. 
Each  of  us  has  but  one  life  to  lead  ;  but  one  day  to  work 
in  the  vineyard  ;  and  then  comes  the  night  when  no  man 
can  work.  My  proposition  is,  that  the  temptation  presses 
you  to  believe  that  the  value  of  education  to  you  lies  in  the 


A    BACCALAUREATE    SERMON.  I  I 

visible  marks  that  you  make  on  your  surroundings — not  in 
the  marks  that  are  made  on  you.  It  is  not  your  surround- 
ings that  are  being  educated,  but  yo2t.  You  in  your  time 
will  make  efficient  marks  upon  your  generation,  by  the  ex- 
act value  of  your  personal  cultivation. 

I  may  draw  my  illustration  from  my  own  profession.  The 
final  test  of  religion  is  in  the  piety  of  its  believers.  The 
religion  that  has  to-day  the  greatest  number  of  professors 
is  Budhism,  or  that  and  Brahminism  combined.  The  test 
of  it  must  be  in  the  value  of  the  manhood  that  its  undis- 
turbed sway  has  thus  far  produced.  Taking  the  European 
races  at  their  worst,  one  hardly  hesitates  to  rank  the  best  of 
Hindooism  at  a  low  value.  The  regulated  despair  of  the 
Hindoo  books  finds  its  echo  in  the  indolent  rest  of  the  races 
that  have  been  moulded  by  it.  Better  far  the  unrest  of  Eu- 
rope than  "  a  cycle  of  Cathay." 

To  come  nearer  home,  the  real  object  of  our  form  of  reli- 
gion is  the  realization  of  the  mind,  heart  and  Jife  -of  a  be- 
liever in  Christ,  of  the  truth  of  his  representation  of  the 
true  ideal  man.  Many  would  word  it,  the  saving  of  the 
soul,  but  I  do  not.  The  saving  of  the  soul  may  be  made 
the  quintessence  of  selfishness.  We  may  take  one  thing 
for  granted,  that  without  any  palliatives  or  doctrinal  allevia- 
tions no  soul  is  ever  saved  that  is  not  worth  saving.  The 
penny  a  day  must  be  wrought  out  as  a  just  recompense  of 
reward.  Part  of  that  working  out  is  by  the  divine  assistance  ; 
and  the  true  life  is  always  hid  with  Christ  in  God.  The  di- 
vine mind  weighs  every  one  of  us  with  exact  justice  and 
pardons  infirmities,  and  judges  not  as  the  world  judges,  but 
it  still  judges  rightly.  One  cannot  work  save  as  God 
"  works  in  him  to  will  and  to  do  ;"  but  he  must  none  the 
less  work  out  his  own  salvation  with  fear  and  trembling,  be- 
cause of  his  knowledge  of  this  law,  and  the  immense  respon- 
sibility it  puts  on  him.  Others  again  would  say  that  the 
object  of  our  religion  is  benevolence  and  helpfulness  to 
others.     They  tell  us  that  it  aims  to  make  us  love  our  neigh- 


12  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

bor  as  ourselves,  and  in  accomplishing  that  object  it  is  fin- 
ished. I  reply,  it  aims  to  use  this  benevolence,  not  as  an 
end  but  as  a  means,  and  when  the  means  are  finished,  and 
such  a  happy  state  is  accomplished,  then  its  true  work  looms 
up  before  the  mind,  which  is  always  the  glory  of  God,  shown 
in  making  the  standard  by  which  we  lift  others  higher  and 
higher,  even  the  making  ourselves  more  and  more  worthy  of 
being  loved,  so  that  we  can  love  others  better  and  more  ben- 
eficially. 

My  idea  of  the  object  of  revelation  is  two-fold.  One  part 
of  it  is  to  reveal  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  Man  and  the  Emman- 
uel or  God  in  us,  the  ideal  man,  as  God  intends  him  ;  and 
the  other  part  of  it  is  to  put  in  our  reach  by  the  church  the 
spiritual  means  by  which  we  may  have  foUowship  with  the 
ideal  man  through  the  word  of  truth. 

For  instance,  one  idea  of  the  Bible,  as  a  scientific  fact  is^ 
that  there  is  a  purity  of  heart  possible  (under  grace)  by  which 
a  man  can  see  God.  "  Blessed  are  the  pure  in  heart  for  they 
shall  see  God  "-  -see  him  hereafter  perfectly  ;  see  him  here 
efficiently.  Christ  is  the  Way,  the  Truth,  the  Life,  by  which 
we  come  to  God,  and  stop  only  at  the  vail  that  comes  of  our 
environments.  The  Church — I  mean  his  mystical  Body, 
that  series  and  system  of  means  by  which  we  sinners  can 
get  through  Him  as  historic,  into  Him  as  living  now.  and  so 
become  the  temples  of  the  Holy  Ghost  that  dwelleth  in  us 
as  a  source  and  fountain  of  all  true  life, — all  that  we  rightly 
call  the  Church  is  the  means  near  and  at  hand  by  which  God 
helps  us  to  find  Him,  and  in  a  fashion  to  see  liim  as  Jie  is. 

The  age  has  been  putting  the  largest  part  of  religious 
motive  into  the  far  future,  and  trying  to  lift  us  by  the  lev- 
erage of  special  hopes  and  fears  of  what  shall  or  inay  be 
after  our  probation  is  finished.  My  own  view  is,  that  Christ 
is  living  now  with  us  as  really  as  he  ever  did  with  Peter  or 
John — that  in  a  profound  sense,  "  blessed  are  those  of  us 
who  do  not  see  and  yet  believe."  For  in  the  last  analysis, 
the  crist  of  the  faith  in  Christ  of  which  cometh   salvation  is 


A    BACCALAUREATE    SERMON.  1 3 

simply  this,  that  we  believe  radically,  constantly  and  as  sim- 
ply and  easily  as  we  breathe,  that  Jesus  was  the  son  of  God — 
in  other  words.  God's  own  model  of  all  he  wishes  us  to  be. 
As  an  artist,  the  Creator  has  produced  one  faultless  picture 
of  the  King  in  his  beauty;  and  he  leaves  it  before  us,  that 
we  may  be  won  by  its  influence  to  become  like  it.  This  is 
the  New  Commandment  that  is  given  unto  us,  together  with 
the  precepts,  advices  and  warnings  that  help  us  to  put  it  in 
the  best  light,  and  cleanse  our  sight,  that  we  may  see  it 
truly.  We  are  told  by  an  apostle  that  he  did  not  know,  and 
had  never  been  told,  what  he  should  be  after  this  life  ended, 
but  that  his  faith  had  at  last  settled  down  on  this  law — that 
*'when  the  Christ  should  appear  he  would  be  like  Him,  for 
he  should  see  Him  as  He  is."  Be  sure  that  he  could  not 
have  said  this  unless  he  had  educated  himself  always  in  the 
experiments  of  being  like  what  he  saw  Christ  to  be  now. 
When  he  began  as  a  fisherman,  leaving  his  nets  and  Zebedee 
his  father,  he  little  dreamed  of  what  he  should  be  on  Pat- 
mos,  able  to  see  the  visions  of  glory  which  still  charm  the 
world,  simply  from  having  seen  what  he  could  of  Jesus. 
Often  he  had  caught  a  new  vision  of  Him,  and  risen  like  the 
eagle  a  degree  higher  from  the  sight.  Hence  his  highest 
revelation  of  heaven  at  last  became,  not  streets  of  gold  and 
gates  of  pearl,  but  becoming  like  the  beloved  of  God. 

Now,  possibly  this  may  sound  to  you  as  the  words  of  one 
who  singeth  a  song,  or  as  that  grand  poet  Ezekiel  worded 
it,  "Ah,  Lord  I  doth  he  not  speak  parables?"  and  it  is  just 
here  that  I  fault  the  very  piety  of  the  age,  that  there  is  this 
unreality,  this  far-offness,  about  it  all.  Any  religion  that 
aspires  to  hold  this  nation  must  be  as  present  in  its  effectual 
motives  as  the  sins  and  the  devils  are  which  it  seeks  to  pre- 
vent and  to  scatter.  The  anchor  that  is  to  hold  the  ship 
must  be  carried  at  her  bows.  The  sense  of  the  ideal  life 
must  be  here,  in  potent  emphasis,  where  the  temptation  is. 
If  I  am  obliged  to  think  back  twenty  centuries  in  order  to 
find  the  ideal  of  life  and  duty,  and  possibly  run   down   the 


14  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

scale  back  again  so  as  to  balance  justly  nny  motives  before 
I  decide,  it  takes  too  long.  The  devil  has  abundant  time  to 
launch  a  dozen  fiery  darts  while  I  am  holding  my  hand,  to 
think.  The  shield,  you  remember,  was  next  to  the  sword  in 
the  hand  of  the  ancient  soldier— the  one  thing  that  was  tO' 
be  held  always  ready  to  be  of  use  in  warfare.  That  faith 
which  can  be  an  effective  shield  and  defence  now  must  be 
the  instantaneous  suggestion  of  the  soul,  the  native  response 
of  the  reason,  and  the  trained  habit  of  mind  and  heart.  It 
may  have  on  it  all  the  mystic  carving  of  the  shield  of  Achil- 
les ;  but  if  it  be  not  always  ready  for  instant  use  it  is  of  little 
service.  Any  habit  of  mind  that  allows  moments  of  inde- 
cision, or  that  requires  time  for  inward  stimulus  to  recall 
what  has  been  or  what  may  be  a  future  contingency,  is  a 
source  of  weakness  and  ominous  of  failure. 

Now,  if  this  be  true,  all  that  looks  away  from  the  educa- 
tion of  a  man  in  this  habit  is  more  or  less  laborious  ti'ifling — 
is  after  a  sort  "  standing  all  the  day  idle."  You  do  not  need 
that  I  should  illustrate  this  necessity  of  instant  readiness 
in  all  the  common  affairs  of  life.  The  farmer  who  looks  to 
the  clouds  in  idle  speculation,  and  forgets  to  sow  the  seed 
of  the  day,  fails  of  a  crop.  The  physician  who  is  abstracted 
by  various  schemes  of  medicine,  and  delays  to  offer  the 
remedy  of  the  hour,  loses  his  patient.  The  lawyer  who  neg- 
lects to  secure,  arrange  and  present  at  the  proper  moment 
the  circumstances  and  witnesses  of  the  case  on  trial,  dis- 
honors his  profession.  The  statesman  who  is  rambling  away 
into  side  issues  and  individual  atnbitions  when  the  hour  of 
danger  presses  upon  the  country,  is  so  far  a  traitor.  Not 
only  must  all  these  know  the  powers  with  which  they  deal, 
but  they  must  be  ready  to  honor  those  powers  by  prompt- 
ness to  .use  them  in  the  allotted  crisis.  We  should  unhesi- 
tatingly fault  each  as  false,  idle,  as  an  elaborate  trif^er,  unless 
he  met  the  moments  of  issue  with  full  preparation  ;  and  as 
I  look  at  things  this  age  is  sick  of  these  dubious  impulses 
on  all  classes  of   men,  and  has  begun  to  wake  up  to  the  ne- 


A   BACCALAUREATE   SERMON.  1 5. 

cessity  of  a  higher  idea  of  education.  It  demands  of  its  lead- 
ers a  vigorous  and  rounded  preparation  for  instant  litness 
for  activity.  Shame  and  disappointment  wait  on  all  busy 
men  who  betray  their  past  idleness  by  the  defeats  which 
result  from  it,  whether  it  be  the  one  who  loses  the  train  at 
a  railroad  station,  or  the  late  Emperor  of  France,  who  sur- 
rendered Sedan  because  of  his  previous  negligence  for  the 
preparation  of  all  the  munitions  of  active  war.  Every  man 
who  demonstrates  by  the  progress  of  events  that  he  has 
been  standing  idle  when  he  should  have  labored  on  the  one 
great  duty  set  him  to  do,  is  scouted  and  despised,  rather 
than  pitied. 

I  turn  to  the  application  of  the  same  idea  to  education. 
There  are  two  sorts  of  students  in  college  who  are  standing 
idle.  Of  one  of  them  I  need  say  little.  The  youth  whose 
text  I  used  has  classified  them,  and  given  in  their  indict- 
ment of  "  duty  neglected,  opportunities  wasted,  temptations 
courted  by  the  idle,  hopes  disappointed,  and  parental  hearts 
crushed."  Such  men  are  the  briars  and  thorns  of  the  groves 
of  learning.  They  pervert  all  advantages  into  evils.  I  speak 
rather  to  the  class  who  are  elaborating  idleness  in  reputable 
ways.  Perhaps  the  shortest  way  to  this  idea  may  be  found 
in  the  differences  of  the  two  men  whose  names  are  most 
familiar  to  us — Patrick  Henry  and  Thomas  Jefferson — the 
former,  who  started  the  ball  of  the  Revolution,  replete  with 
genius,  and  gifted  with  an  eloquence  which  the  latter  lacked 
and  honored.  My  own  estoem  for  Mr.  Henry  is  largely 
based  on  Mr.  Jefferson's  testimony  to  his  eloquence,  cer- 
tainly  much  more  than  on  Wirt's  biography.  Henry  was 
beyond  question  one  of  the  most  fascinating  idlers  that  ever 
illustrated  the  eccentricities  of  genius.  His  education  was 
largely  gained  from  the  hither  end  of  his  fishing  rod.  Now 
and  then  Nature  will  take  one  of  her  pets,  and  put  him  to 
this  school,  where,  idle  to  all  appearances,  careless,  in  short 
as  to  all  ordinary  laws,  he  is  yet  made  somehow  to  think 
rightly,  and  throw  off  shams,  and  dig  down  into  the  eternal. 


j6  the  call  to  work. 

laws  of  his  being,  muse  of  the  incongruities  of  kings  three 
thousand  miles  away,  and  of  oppressions  around  him  ;  and  he 
is  trained,  not  by  bell  and  book,  but  by  an  inward  law  of 
genius,  that  he  cannot  evade  nor  quite  ignore.  But  imagine, 
for  once,  what  Henry  would  have  been,— and  I  think  I  can 
see  that  he  himself  often  revolved  it  in  sober  age, — if  he 
had  been  gifted  with  Jeflerson's  laborious  industry.  If,  in 
broader  scenes  than  he  dreamed  of  when  a  youth,  he  had 
been  possessed  of  the  training  and  stores  of  elaborated 
thought  and  learning  of  the  Sage  of  Monticello,  he  would 
have  been  to-day  without  a  peer  on  the  register  of  American 
benefactors.  As  Jefferson  said  of  him,  "  he  set  the  ball  of 
revolution  in  motion."  Yea,  he  often  gave  it  fresh  impact 
afterwards;  but  the  lines  of  its  course  were  marked  out,  not 
by  him,  but  by  two  of  the  most  laborious  statesmen  that 
we  have  had;  namely,  Jefferson  and  Hamilton.  Anyone 
of  us  in  reading  their  biographies  must  feel  ashamed  of  the 
defects  and  sins  of  his  own  education.  Both  of  them  great, 
and  full  of  native  power,  were  toilers,  whether  in  silent 
study,  in  the  duties  of  a  profession,  or  as  statesmen  and 
public  officials.  They  may  be  pointed  at  as  men  who,  how- 
ever else  they  may  have  erred,  never  stood  idle  in  school, 
in  the  market-place,  the  forum  or  the  senate.  They  had  a 
goal  before  them  from  the  beginning;  and  they  kept  their 
eyes  fastened  upon  it,  turning  them  never  aside  to  any  fas- 
cination. 

That,  under  all  disputes  and  discussions  now  pending 
about  college  studies,  classic  or  scientific,  enforced  or  vol- 
untary, is  the  main  point  of  interest  to  all  sensible  men. 
Any  young  man  here  who  recognizes  that  life  has  an  object 
and  meaning,  and  that  he  has  an  end  to  which  his  abilities 
and  opportunities  tends,  may  feel  his  life-call,  just  as  the 
boat  anchored  in  a  little  bay  may  rock  on  the  swell  sent  by 
the  outside  waves  to  reach  it,  and  may  feel  too  that  this 
life-law  is  worth  his  care  and  thought.  Many  a  man  I  have 
seen  fail  at  the  pinch  because  he  has  been  an   idler — a  pur- 


A   BACCALAUREATE   SERMON.  1/ 

posdess,  careless  and  neglectful  student.  Nero,  who  fiddled 
while  Rome  was  burning,  or  Louis,  who  made  locks  while 
the  throne  of  France  was  crumbling  beneath  him,  were 
idlers,  or  something  worse  than  idlers. 

The  defect  of  education  as  a  system  in  this  land  is,  to  my 
mind,  in  its  misdirection  of  personal  energy  and  intellectual 
labor.  We  who  aim  at  learning  have  often  been  left  behind 
by  the  great  powers  of  the  w^orld's  real  life  ;  and,  like  Pat- 
rick Henry,  have  been  sauntering  about  the  pleasant  groves 
of  various  studies,  while  a  revolution  has  been  rolling  on 
around  us.  Many  a  man  discovers  himself  to  be  of  the  class 
of  Dominie  Sampson,  gifted  with  ambition,  and  the  butt  of 
his  busy  fellowmen.  Learned  idleness  is  still  idleness,  or 
something  worse.  A  voice  sounds  now  in  our  ears,  "Go! 
work  to-day  in  my  vineyard."  Possibly  the  son  who  did  not 
go  might  at  eventide  have  given  the  census  of  all  the  work- 
men in  all  the  vineyards  of  his  neighborhood,  or  may  have 
sung  sweet  songs  of  the  vine,  and  forecast  the  many  autumn 
frolics  of  a  successful  vintage  ;  but  he  did  not  go  to  work, 
I  take  it,  God  has  set  every  man  here,  to-day,  his  own  zvork, 
and  the  true  education  is  to  find  out  what  that  work  is,  and 
then  bend  every  faculty  to  prepare  for  it. 

May  I  conclude  with  a  few  words  of  forecast.  This  State 
of  North  Carolina  has  always  betrayed  an  abundance  of 
mental  and  passional  energies,  that  show  to  me  the  harmony 
of  its  climate  and  surroundings  with  successful  practical 
labors  in  study  and  thought.  You  are  all  more  familiar  than 
I  can  be  with  the  incidents  of  your  past,  and  the  honorable 
names  that  have  shed  lustre  on  the  society  of  your  common- 
wealth. I  shall  not  recall  them.  I  look  now  on  the  past 
record  as  a  whole.  One  vital  part  of  education  is  the  envi- 
ronment of  the  persons  educated. 

It  is  by  no  means  an  accident  that  all  great  religions  have 
sprung  from  regions  nearing  the  tropics,  and  most  of  the 
chief  poets  have  been  dwellers  in  lands  where  nature  was 
lavish  of  her  gifts  of  beautiful  and  genial  life.     The  Psalmsi 


1 8  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

of  Israel,  its  proverbs  and  inspired  visions,  fell  on  the  sunny 
soil  of  this  latitude.  The  men  of  your  own  Mecklenburg 
county  first  gave  organic  voice  to  the  thoughts  of  national 
resistance  to  oppression. 

I  am  very  much  of  a  believer  in  the  theory  of  the  French- 
man Taine,  that  climate  and  bountiful  nature  have  very 
much  to  do  with  the  making  and  moulding  of  men.  As  he 
traces  the  literature  of  sombre  and  stormy,  yea,  and  chilly 
England,  he  prepares  you  to  see  the  literary  character  of 
Englishmen  ;  or  again,  in  sunny  France,  the  mobile  and 
brilliant  Frenchman.  Looking  over  the  past  history  of  our 
country  we  can  feel  the  difference  between  the  Maine  man, 
hardened  to  toil  against  an  inhospitable  climate  or  to  defy 
a  dangerous  sea  ;  and  on  the  other  hand  the  Southern  man, 
full  of  intellectual  vigor,  trained  by  something  more  than 
abundant  leisure — by  the  whole  surroundings  of  a  whole- 
some, genial  climate,  charmed  to  study  by  the  quiet  and 
happy  balance  of  mind  and  body,  till  in  such  men  as  Cal- 
houn, Pettigrew,  Polk,  Hawks,  and  your  own  Caldwell,  they 
become  leaders,  guides  and  rulers  of  men. 

If  time  allowed,  it  were  no  hard  task  to  recommend  the 
lines  of  my  position  ;  but  I  content  myself  now  with  the 
statement  only,  that  the  past  of  the  South — certainly  of  its 
great  plateau  that  rises  above  the  alluvial  lands — attests 
abundant  capabilities  in  the  men  who  have  risen  to  notice, 
that  mark  them  as  peculiar.  Now  that  a  revolution  has  put 
the  white  race  on  its  own  merits,  now  that  a  long  period  of 
recuperation  has  taught  its  bitter  but  wholesome  lessons,  now 
that  a  new  start  is  begun  to  be  felt  in  building  up  these 
States,  we  may  properly  reprobate  all  idlers  who  fail  to  see 
and  use  their  peculiar  advantages. 

I  am  told,  in  New  York,  by  those  who  know  the  practical 
movements  of  the  times,  that  they  can  see  a  great  advance 
in  the  near  future  for  your  State.  Immigrants  follow  the 
lines  of  the  railways.  Portions  of  this  State  that  lay  remote 
and  unknown  to  the  rest  of  the  world  when  your  Dr.  Mitch- 


A   BACCALAUREATE   SERMON.  I9 

ell  lookexl  down  from  the  top  of  his  royal  mountain  over  the 
lands  of  five  great  States,  are  now  receiving  the  admiration 
of  multitudes  who  have  waked  up  to  their  existence  as  a 
novelty.  Men — white  men,  men  of  races  that  will  convert 
the  hillsides  and  valleys  of  Haywood,  Jackson  and  Bun- 
combe into  gardens  of  plenty,  men  to  be  moulded  into  shape, 
somewhat  more  honorable  than  the  mountaineers  and  moon- 
shiners of  the  past  or  present — are  preparing  to  find  better 
homes  in  these  temperate  regions  than  they  have  had  else- 
where. You  can  no  more  keep  them  out  than  the  red  man 
could  keep  out  your  ancestors.  You  ought  not  to  try.  Your 
question  is,  how  to  meet  them,  and  to  continue  your  history 
as  honorable  in  the  future  as  it  has  been  in  the  past.  I  can 
forecast  the  day,  and  still  be  no  vague  dreamer,  when  this 
vast  plateau,  with  its  majestic  mountains  and  fertile  valleys, 
will  teem  with  a  homogeneous  population,  and  the  age  of 
tar  heels  be  the  amusing  tradition  of  the  half-forgotten  past, 
when  a  genial  climate  will  tempt  the  white  comers  to  lay 
aside  the  cloak  of  selfishness  and  remorseless  competition 
that  they  have  kept  about  them  in  other  conditions,  and 
meet  nature  half  way  in  glad  recognition  of  her  smiles  ; 
when  a  century  has  passed  away,  and  from  Raleigh  to  Mur- 
phy, these  upper  counties,  the  very  garden  of  our  United 
States,  have  become  filled  with  agriculturalists,  and  spotted 
with  villages  and  towns — not  with  single  great  cities,  that, 
like  crocodiles,  eat  up  all  else  and  only  grow  scales  and 
teeth — there  will  be  a  mighty  power  developed  here  that 
will  make  itself  felt  in  blessings  at  home  and  in  honors 
abroad. 

What  then  will  be  the  position  of  this  University  ?  Very 
much  what  the  men  it  sends  forth  shall  make  it.  These 
people  will  want  leaders;  great  minds  and  characters;  men 
of  intelligent  and  resolute  purpose  ;  men  who  have  stores 
of  real  knowledge  and  sound  wisdom  ;  men  who  have  not 
been  idlers,  but  have  studied  the  call  to  labor  in  this  vine- 
yard, and  have  kept  the   call  in  view,  have  resisted  outside 


20  THE   CALL   TO   WORK. 

temptations  to  become  what  other  people  of  other  climates 
and  other  conditions  have  been,  and  have  concentrated 
themselves,  passion,  ambition,  duty  and  affection,  on  the 
work  that  has  been  given  them  to  do.  There  are  to  be 
crises  before  you  in  the  future.  There  are  to  be  times  when 
the  State  will  need  all  that  your  genius  or  wisdom,  your 
training  and  acquirements  can  do,  to  meet  the  exigencies  of 
the  hour.  Of  one  thing  be  sure,  no  true  work  ever  fails  ; 
no  real  wisdom  ever  lies  uncalled  for.  Work  then — not  as 
elaborate  idlers,  mere  loiterers  on  the  stream-side,  but  with 
unyielding  faith  that  He  who  calls  you  here  will  call  you 
always,  just  when  and  where  you  ought  to  be,  for  his  ser- 
vice and  for  the  use  of  his  creatures. 

When  the  century  has  gone  by,  many  of  us,  nay  all  of  us, 
will  be  ghosts  and  mere  names  on  the  lips  of  other  men.  I 
can  fancy  myself  then  standing  on  the  dome  of  Mount 
Mitchell,  and  hearing  again  wh?t  I  once  heard  with  de- 
lighted awe.  A  party  of  us  had  toiled  to  its  mighty  top, 
and  stood  together  there  as  the  sun  went  down  in  the  west, 
and  the  unclouded  full  moon  rose  all  beautiful  in  the  east. 
That  lonely  grave  of  the  pious  and  noble  discoverer  gave  a 
solemn  feeling  suited  to  the  place  and  hour.  The  sea  of 
mountain  tops  lay  before  us.  The  symmetrical  Roan  shaded 
gracefully  away  from  its  rosy  hue  to  a  darker  loveliness,  and 
the  monster  Craggy  seemed  to  bear  witness  to  the  old  geo- 
logic periods  when  its  great  gashes  had  been  made  by  the 
Creator,  as  if  to  defy  the  storms  of  all  historic  ages,  and  a- 
deepening  dark  began  to  hide  partly  the  Smokies  and  Bal- 
sam ranges.  The  wind  had  been  murmuring  in  the  hem- 
locks around  the  party,  silent  and  awed  by  the  scene  and  by 
the  thought  of  standing  on  the  loftiest  peak  of  this  eastern 
side  of  the  continent.  Suddenly  and  unnoticed  the  mur- 
muring breeze  ceased,  and  a  strange  sound,  that  was  hardly 
a  sound,  came  to  us  from  no  one  spot  or  on  no  one  line  of 
hearing.  It  became  a  ghost  of  a  murmur,  and  slowly  in- 
creased, with  curious  lack  of  any  one  direction,  coming  from 


A   BACCALAUREATE   SERMON.  2 1 

no  one  place.  I  can  hardly  describe  it.  I  thought  of  Elijah 
in  his  lonely  cave-mouth  on  Horeb,  when  the  God  of  his 
fathers  came  to  him,  not  in  the  storm  or  earthquake,  but,  as 
the  Hebrew  puts  it  in  the  Kol  damn,  the  voice  of  silence  ; 
or,  as  we  now  read  it,  the  still  small  voice.  Our  sound  was 
the  resultant  of  all  the  thousand  water-falls  of  all  the  brooks 
and  rivulets  of  the  abysses  between  us  and  Craggy  ;  no  one 
of  them  able  to  be  heard  alone,  but  all  together  making  the 
weird  evening  hymn  above  the  grave  of  the  good  man  who 
had  fallen  in  one  of  them  the  baptismal  gate  to  heaven. 
When  we  shall  stand  there  a  century  hence,  the, same  hymn 
of  nature  will  keep  up  its  ceaseless  Tersanctus,  and  then 
another  hymn  will  also  be  heard,  of  the  myriad  homes,  the 
countless  cottages,  the  numberless  churches  and  schools  that 
will  tell  how  men  as  well  as  nature  ever  join  the  song  of 
the  ages.  "Great  and  wonderful  are  thy  works,  O  God  of 
Nature!  Loved  and  honored  thy  Beatitudes!  O!  Lamb, 
slain  from  the  foundation  of  the  world,  ever  teaching  us 
that  our  true  work  is  always  thine,"  to  labor  where  Thou 
hast  put  us.  Thy  real  lesson  always  to  "  learn  to  labor  and 
to  wait."  In  anticipation  of  the  times  when  the  Master 
shall  send  his  Steward  to  call  us  to  his  reckoning,  when  each 
true  man  shall  receive  his  denarius — his  day's  wage  for  his 
day's  work — let  us  now  do  our  part  in"  the  faith  of  a  great 
future  for  our  children  after  we  are  gone — a  great  future  for 
us  all,  when  at  the  last,  the  mountain  sepulchre  shall  be 
opened,  and  the  stone  rolled  away  from  it,  and  from  every 
sleeping-place  of  the  sons  of  God. 


i 


